Earthing Electrode Resistance

Ground resistance of a driven rod or horizontal strip, and the conservative touch / step voltage for a fault current entering the earth (IEEE 80 simplified).

Inputs

Soil resistivity ρ Ω·m

Electrode type —

Length / total length m

Conductor radius m

Burial depth m

Number in parallel —

Parallel utilization η —

Earth fault current I_f A

Grid area (for step V) m²

Results

Note — Touch / step voltages here are conservative upper bounds: touch voltage uses I_f·R_g (no grid current division, no human-body resistance), and step voltage uses the IEEE 80 open-form without grid shielding. Real values are lower with a meshed grid. Limits shown are 50 V touch / 100 V step as a screening reference; confirm against IEC 60364 / IEEE 80 / local code.