F_v = M·g + F_v,ext   M_A = F_v·e_l + F_l·h   M_B = F_v·e_t + F_t·h   M_C = F_t·e_l + F_l·e_t

P_v = F_v/4 ± M_A/(2·l0) ± M_B/(2·f0)   P_t = ±(F_t/4 + M_C/(2·f0))   P_E = f_w·(P_v,max + P_t,max)

L = 50·(C/P_E)^k [km]   k = 3 (ball), 10/3 (roller)   Lh = 1000·L / (120·l_s·n1)   C_req = P_E·(L/50)^(1/k)

f_s0 = C0 / P_0 ≥ 3

P_v,min = F_v/4 − |M_A|/(2·l0) − |M_B|/(2·f0) < 0 ⇒ uplift  ·  tensile capacity of preload ≈ 2.8·P_p

P_p = c·C0 (Z0 2.5% · Z1 5% · Z2 8%)   K_sys = 2·n_B·K_B·k_pre   δ = P_v,max / K_sys

P_v = F_v/(2·n_B) + M_A·x_i/(2·Σx²) ± M_B/(n_B·f0)   x_i = l0/2 − l0·i/(n_B−1)

L_hm = a1·a_ISO·L_h   a1: 90 %→1.0 · 95 %→0.64 · 96 %→0.55 · 97 %→0.44 · 98 %→0.33 · 99 %→0.21

f_t = 1.0 (≤100 °C) · 0.9 (≤150 °C) · 0.73 (≤200 °C) · 0.6 (≤250 °C)   L = 50·(f_t·C/P)^k

P_ISO = (P_v^k + P_t^k)^(1/k)   k = 3 (ball), 10/3 (roller)   THK: P_E = P_v,max + P_t,max (conservative)